Underwater Kingdoms Coral reefs are underwater ecosystems made from the skeletons of hard coral colonies. Each colony is composed of multiple polyps called corals—animals with tentacles around a mouth at one end and sac-like bodies at the other that attach to a surface and secrete calcium carbonate for protection. Over thousands of years, these secretions accumulate to form habitats that support about 25% of marine species, even though they cover less than 1% of the ocean floor. > The first coral reefs formed hundreds of millions of years ago. ( More , w/video) > Coral polyps are tiny animals whose mouths both consume food and expel waste. ( More ) > See how coral reefs get their color. ( More ) Known as the "rainforest of the seas," coral reefs are found in tropical and subtropical waters of more than 100 countries, wi...
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